Hair can grow individually, in groups of 2 to 3, or even at times in groups of 4 to 5. These groups are known as follicular units. Each individual hair shaft in the growth phase is composed of 3 main concentric regions: the medulla, cortex, and cuticle. The medulla comprises the innermost layer and is formed from transparent cells and air spaces that vary among different hair types. It is often difficult to identify on light microscopy and at times may be entirely absent. The cells comprising the medulla contain glycogen-rich vacuoles and medullary granules, which contain citrulline. The middle layer is called the cortex and is the business center of the hair shaft. The cortex is what comprises the bulk and lends the mechanical strength to the hair shaft; it is comprised of a highly structured protein, keratin, which is organized  filaments made up of long, helical strands. The cells keratinize without forming granules through a process known as trichilemmal Scalp hair normally serves various physiologic roles that include protection against excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation and cold temperatures, as well as defining an individual’s social, sexual, and health well-being. The occurrence of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) in previously vibrant healthy individuals can produce devastating psychological impacts as thinning, shortening, or loss of hair progressively advances. Because male pattern hair loss (MPHL) and female pattern hair loss (FPHL) affect more than 50% of men and nearly 50% of women by 50 years of age, concerned individuals often seek treatment advice from primary care physicians, dermatologists, or cosmetic surgeons. Physicians must be well-informed to recommend to their patients safe and effective therapies and avoidance of “miracle” cures. Fundamentals for hair loss counseling and management include a sophisticated understanding of the development, regulation, and dysregulation of hair follicles in both normal and diseased conditions.

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Media Contact:               

Sandra Jones

Journal Manager

Hair Therapy and Transplantation

Email: hairtherapy@emedscholar.com