Common urologic operations

Urologic surgery is the integration of surgical activities for the pelvis-the colon, urogenital, and gynecological organs-primarily for the treatment of obstructions, dysfunction, malignancies, and inflammatory diseases

Most Common Urologic Surgical Procedures:

Inpatient

• Nephrectomy: A surgical removal of a kidney.
• Pyeloplasty: The surgical reconstruction of the renal pelvis (a part of the kidney) to drain and decompress the kidney. In nearly all cases, the goal of the surgery is to relieve a uretero-pelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction.
• Ureteral reimplants: The original ureter is surgically re-positioned or reimplanted in the bladder wall. The end of the ureter is surrounded by bladder muscle in this new position, which prevents urine from backing up (refluxing) toward the bladder.
• Ureteral stent placement: A thin tube inserted into the ureter to prevent or treat obstruction of the urine flow from the kidney.

Outpatient procedures

• Circumcision: The surgical removal of some or all of the foreskin (prepuce) from the penis.
• Cystoscopy: It is an endoscopy of the urinary bladder via the urethra. It is carried out with an instrument called a cystoscope.
• Excision hydrocele
• Hypospadias: The goal of surgical correction is to reconstruct a straight penis with a urethral opening as close to the tip of the penis as possible.
• Inguinal hernia repair
• Meatoplasty
• Orchiopexy: A surgery to move an undescended testicle into the scrotum and permanently fix it there.
• Repair of buried penis/penile torsion/chordee
• Scrotoplasty

Purpose

Conditions that commonly dictate a need for urologic surgery include neurogenic sources like spinal cord injury; injuries to the pelvic organs; chronic digestive and urinary diseases; as well as prostate infections and inflammations. There are many other common chronic and malignant diseases that can benefit from resection, surgical augmentation, or surgery to clear obstructions. These conditions impact the digestive, renal, and reproductive systems.

Most organs are susceptible to cancer in the form of tumors and invasion of the surrounding tissue. Urologic malignancies are on the rise. Other conditions that are seen more frequently include kidney stones, diseases and infections; pancreatic diseases; ulcerative colitis; penile dysfunction; and infections of the genitourinary tract.

Urologic surgery has been revolutionized by striking advances in urodynamic diagnostic systems. Changes in these areas have been particularly beneficial for urologic surgery: laparascopy, endoscopic examination for colon cancer, implantation procedures, and imaging techniques. These procedural and imaging advances have brought the field of urology to a highly active and innovative stage, with new surgical options created each year.

Journal of Surgery and Anesthesia is a peer reviewed, open access journal dedicated to publishing research on all aspects of surgery and anaesthesia. This journal aims to keep anaesthesiologists, anaesthetic practitioners, surgeons and surgical researchers up to date by publishing clinical & evidence based research.

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