A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a specific disease. More than two centuries have passed since the first successful vaccine for smallpox was developed. We’ve come a long way since. Today's vaccines are among the 21^st century's most successful and cost-effective public health tools for preventing diseases.

History

In the past, most vaccines were aimed at infants and children but now adolescents, adults and elders are increasingly being targeted. Recently new methods of administering vaccines are being developed such as skin patches, aerosols and eating genetically engineered plants. Now Attempts are being made to develop vaccines that help to cure of chronic diseases and all escapable concerns of human being as opposed to preventing infectious diseases only.

Introduction

To become permanently immune to some illness, you must either catch it or be vaccinated against it.

Vaccine is an antigenic substance prepared from the causative agent of a disease or a synthetic substitute, used to provide immunity against disease.

During vaccination, a harmless version of a germ is introduced to the body and the immune system responds by producing antibodies to attack the intruder. Thereafter, a memory of this “invasion” remains so that the immune system can quickly recognize and neutralize disease causing agents when they appear.

As dermatologists, we should be aware of the practical significance of the commonly used vaccines. Further, vaccines are newer options for prevention of transmission of several communicable diseases. Herein the commonly used and experimental vaccines of relevance to dermatology have been elucidated in a simplified manner.

Dermatologists may play an active role in screening potential high-risk candidates as well as considering which patients would benefit most from vaccinations. Some adults may not have been vaccinated as children, others may not have completed the series, and as patients are living longer their susceptibility for serious diseases becomes higher as their immunity becomes less effective. In 1987, Wheeler discussed issues pertaining to the future of treating and preventing important viral diseases. In his article, he stated, “Because of latency and infectious recurrences, eradication of herpes simplex and herpes zoster from the world by vaccines is likely to be much more difficult to accomplish than eradication of smallpox. For some time, we may have to settle for control of these diseases rather than their eradication. Maybe passive immunization will have a place in future therapies, especially for serious herpes simplex virus infections in immune compromised hosts.

Conclusion

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Journal of Vaccines & Vaccination
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