They are up to 20 cm (8 inches) total length. They are only a few metamorphosed adults have ever been found. Larvae and neotenic adults are drab browns with yellowish-tan glandular patches on the back and sides. Larvae and neotenic adults have short bushy gills and a low, short dorsal fin. Metamorphosed adults are drab brown with hints of blue and a narrow head. Cope's Giant Salamanders are only found in the Pacific Northwest. In Washington State, they are found in the Olympic and the Cascade Mountains and Willapa Hills of southern Washington. They usually prefer clear, cold mountain streams in damp forests. They spend most days under rocks in the streams but move about openly on the stream bottom in the evenings. Eggs are laid in spring and fall under rocks or logs in streams in hidden spots and are protected by the female. Eggs are white and laid one at a time and attached to the wall of the nest site. Eggs can take up to 200 days before hatching. Cope's Giant Salamanders usually mature and reproduce almost entirely in their aquatic form without metamorphosing into terrestrial adults. This is called paedomorphosis or neoteny. This happens because most individuals do not respond to the hormones that normally would trigger metamorphosis in other salamanders. In lab studies, thyroid treatments have shown to trigger metamorphosis.

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