Mesenchyme

Mesenchyme (/ˈmÉ›sÉ™nkaɪm ˈmiːzÉ™n-/) is a type of connective tissue found mostly during the embryonic development of bilateral triploblast animals. It is composed mainly of ground substance with few cells or fibers. It can also refer to a group of mucoproteins resembling mucus found, for example, in certain types of cysts. It is most easily found as a component of Wharton's jelly.

The vitreous body of the eye is of a similar tissue.

In invertebrate zoology, he term refers to free cells loosely arranged in a matrix.

Terminology

"Mesenchyme" is a term introduced by Oscar Hertwig in 1881.

In order to differentiate the use of the word mesenchyme in invertebrate zoology (an ecto- or entomesodermal middle layer of some invertebrates) and the use in vertebrate embryology (that is, undifferentiated tissue found in embryonic true mesoderm - entomesoderm - from which all connective tissues like blood vessels, blood cells, the lymphatic system, and the heart are derived.), some authors prefer to use the term mesoglea (in wider sense) in lieu of mesenchyme when referring to the middle layers of sponges and diploblasts, reserving the term mesenchyme for the embryological sense. However, Brusca & Brusca discourage this usage, using mesoglea in its strict sense (noncellular mesenchyme), and preferring to maintain both the embryological and zoological senses for the term mesenchyme.

Finally, some similar terms used in botany generally are differentiated by the suffix "a": mesenchyma (a tissue between xylem and phloem in roots), collenchyma (primordial leaf tissues) and parenchyma (supportive tissues).

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