Introduction

Pneumococcal disease is common in young children, but older adults are at greatest risk of serious illness and death. In the united states, there are 2 kinds of vaccines that help prevent pneumococcal disease

• Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine or pcv13
• Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine or ppsv23

Who should get pneumococcal vaccines?

Cdc recommends pneumococcal vaccination for all children younger than 2 years old and all adults 65 years or older. In certain situations, older children and other adults should also get pneumococcal vaccines.

Pcv13

• All children younger than 2 years old
• People 2 years or older with certain medical conditions
• Adults 65 years or older also can discuss and decide, with their doctor, to get pcv13.

Ppsv23

• All adults 65 years or older
• People 2 through 64 years old with certain medical conditions
• Adults 19 through 64 years old who smoke cigarettes

Who should not get the vaccine

Children younger than 2 years old should not get PPSV23.

Ingredients

The pcv used in the uk is called prevenar 13. Apart from the active ingredients (the antigens), it contains very small amounts of these ingredients:

• Aluminium, which strengthens and lengthens the immune response to the vaccine
• Sodium chloride (salt)
• Succinic acid, an acidity regulator
• Polysorbate, used as an emulsifier (to hold other ingredients together)

Possible side effects

PCV13

• Reactions where the shot was given
• Redness
• Swelling
• Pain or tenderness
• Fever
• Loss of appetite
• Fussiness (irritability)
• Feeling tired
• Headache
• Chills
• Young children who get PCV13 at the same time as inactivated flu vaccine may be at increased risk for seizures caused by fever.

PPSV23

• Mild problems following PPSV23 can include:
• Reactions where the shot was given
• Redness
• Pain
• Fever
• Muscle aches
• If these problems occur, they usually go away within about 2 days.

Anaphylaxis

As with any vaccine, medicine or food, there is a very small chance of a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). Anaphylaxis is different from less severe allergic reactions because it causes life-threatening breathing and/or circulation problems. It is always extremely serious but can be treated with adrenaline.

Conclusion

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Journal of Vaccines & Vaccination
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