Polycystic ovary syndrome is a hormonal disorder causing enlarged ovaries with small cysts on the outer edges. Polycystic ovary syndrome is a disorder involving infrequent, irregular or prolonged menstrual periods, and often excess male hormone (androgen) levels. The ovaries develop numerous small collections of fluid called follicles and may fail to regularly release eggs.

Types of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS):

There are 4 types of PCOS

1. Insulin-resistant PCOS: Insulin resistance is a key feature of both obese and lean PCOS. It occurs in 70-95% of people with obese PCOS and 30-75% of people with lean PCOS. High insulin is not just a symptom of PCOS—it is also a major driver of the condition
2. Inflammatory PCOS: Chronic low-grade inflammation has emerged as a key contributor to the pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). A dietary trigger such as glucose is capable of inciting oxidative stress and an inflammatory response from mononuclear cells (MNC) of women with PCOS, and this phenomenon is independent of obesity.
3. Hidden-cause PCOS: Thyroid disease, deficiency of iodine (ovaries need iodine), vegetarian diet (It makes you zinc deficient and the ovaries need zinc) and artificial sweeteners causes hidden cause PCOS.
4. Pill-induced PCOS: This type is the second most common PCOS. It gets developed due to the birth control pills which suppress ovulation. For most of the women, these effects do not last long and they resume ovulating after the effect of the pill is over. But some women do not resume with ovulating for months and years even after the effects of pills get over. During that time women should consult the doctor.

RISKS

Women who have mother or sisters having PCOS have a higher risk of developing it than others who do not have this situation.

Other health risks and complications related to PCOS are:

Miscarriage or premature delivery, infertility, endometrial cancer (cancer in the lining of the uterus), type 2 diabetes, depression, eating disorders, anxiety, abnormal bleeding from the uterus, 

TREATMENT FOR PCOS

Medications of Diabetes: The medicines recommended for diabetes will help to manage it as increased levels of sugar can cause PCOS.

Fertility Medications: In infertility treatments, some medications are required which includes the usage of Clomid and injectable medicines such as FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone). And, in some cases, letrozole is also recommended by the doctors.

Treatments For Infertility: Infertility treatments like IUI (intrauterine insemination) or IVF ( in-vitro fertilization), in these treatments some medications are given like spironolactone or eflornithine due to which excessive growth of hair is controlled.

Surgical methods:

• Laparoscopic ovarian drilling by laser / an ovulatory PCOS
• Cyst aspiration
• Oophorectomy

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